Organic activists protest compost

San Francisco wears its environmental consciousness like a green badge of honor. A city department even gives away processed sewage sludge for use in community, backyard and school gardens. The bio-solids compost has drawn the ire of a public interest and environmental advocacy group. The Organic Consumers Association doesn't think the variety used in gardens or the one laid on farmlands is tested enough and is waging a national campaign against its use. The sludge, they say, could potentially include thousands of industrial, pharmaceutical and chemical toxins and carcinogens. "This sludge belongs in a hazardous waste dump," said Ronnie Cummins, the group's national director, before he poured some of the compost on carefully laid out plastic sheeting at the steps of San Francisco Ci ty Hal l on Thursday. In San Francisco, a utility spokesman said federally mandated testing shows that the compost it distributes to the gardens has far lower levels of nine pollutants than the Environmental Protection Agency deems acceptable. "We're in the business of protecting public health and the environment," Tyrone Jue said. "That's our mandate and our mission statement. That's what we do. If for even a minute we thought one of our activities was going against that mandate we would absolutely stop." Several cities in California have bio-solid compost giveaways, including Los Angeles, S a n D i e go , S a n J u a n Capistrano, Santa Rosa, Fortuna, Carlsbad, and Calabasas, according to the Organic Consumers Association. Sewage or bio-solids compost is also packaged and sold in major house and garden centers across the country. A different category of fertilizer made from bio-solids is used on millions of acres of land all over the United States to grow plants, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. That fertilizer is not treated and heated to where it becomes compost and is not used for human food crops, though it is used for animal food crops. The organic advocates group chose San Francisco because it is so environmentally aware. "San Francisco as the greenest large city in the country should be the first to stop this," Cummins said. The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which manages the city's sewage treatment, says that the one percent of the city's 80,000 tons of sewage that is converted into compost each year is treated and tested to the point of sterility. But the problem, say groups like the Organic Consumers Association and the Center for Food Safety, is the EPA only requires testing for nine metals, when there are potentially thousands of chemicals in the compost. The EPA is evaluating if more pollutants need to be regulated, and believes additional studies are needed, said Lauren Fondal, an environmental engineer for the EPA Office in San Francisco. "I don't believe there have been any major studies of all these chemicals that we've begun detecting," she said. There is no hard science that the compost is safe, the organic groups say, while there is anecdotal evidence that it is not. In 2008, for example, a federal judge in Georgia ruled in favor of farmers who sued the United States Department of Agriculture when their cows became ill and died after eating silage grown on land upon which the compost had been applied. U.S. District Court Judge Anthony Alaimo concluded that "the EPA cannot assure the public that current land application practices are protective of human health and the environment." Last fall, The Center for Food Safety, an advocacy group with offices in Washington, D.C. and San Francisco, tried to raise awareness of the bio-solids issue when it petitioned San Francisco to end the compost giveaways. The city made no promises. But the PUC stopped calling its free compost "organic." Under USDA rules, no sewage sludge compost, or farms that use biosolids, can be called "organic." Thurs d ay, w h e n t h e Minnesota-based members of The Org a n i c Consumer Association held their "toxic sludge giveback" at City Hall, five protesters were flanked by about a dozen reporters and curious passers-by.